Turbine.



No. 829,942. PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.I E. BLUGKER.

TURBINB. APB IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 5.

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PATENTED SEPI'. 4, 1906. E. BLUCKER.

TURBINE.

APPLIoATIoN FILED Juul. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

,E. BLUGKER.

TURBINE. 'APPLICATION FILED J 111111111 5.

PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

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. MVM 01.'

. resident of Chicago, Cook county,

Y turbine may exhaust freely UNITED STATES `PATENT oEErCE.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 4, 1906.

Application filed January l1, 1905. Serial No. 240,634. i i* To all whomit may concern.-

Be it known that I, ERIC BLUCKEE, a citizen of the United StatesA ofAmerica, and a illinois, new and useful Imof which the followhaveinvented a certain provement in Turbines, ing is a specification.

My invention relates to turbines in general, and more particularly toturbines ada ted t0 be driven by gas under pressure, an es eciallyto'turbines adapted to be driven y steam-pressure.

Generally stated, the object of tion is to provide'an improved, simlified, and highly efficient turbine adapte to be driven by any suitablefluid-pressure, .but especially adapted to be driven by compressed air,steam, or other gas under pressure.

A special object is 'to provide an improved construction and arrangementby which' .a turbine when operated may advantageously and eiiicientlyutilize the pressure of` the steam or other gas and may utilize more orless of the" expansive force of the steam or other gas, in addition tothe usual utilization in motors of :this character of the impact orvelocity of the steam as it esca es fromthe jet-opening and im ingesupont e surface of the movable art o the motor. A

Another o ject is to provide an improved construction and arrangementwhere y the through the hub portion of the rotary member, the tendencyof the steam or other gas being with my improved construction to flowtoward the' axis or shaft of the rotary member.

A further object is to provide an improved construction or arrangementfor reversing the turbine.

It is also an object to provide certain details and features 'ofconstruction ltending to increase ,the general efficiency andserviceability of a turbine of this particular character.

To the foregoing and other useful ends my invention'consists in mattershereinafter set forth and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l. is a cross-section of a turbineinvolving the principles of my invention. Fig. 2 is a section on line 22 inFi 1. Fig.-3 is a view of the rotary member, s owing certainportions in sections and certain other portions in side elevation. Fig.4 is an inside-view ofone of the exhaust-chambers.

my inven-.

two halves or sectionsy b Fig. 5 is an outside view, partially inhaust-chambers.

tary member. Fig. 8 is aV detailed external view of the central ortionofv the vrotary member. Fig-Qis a' iagram illustratingthe ow of steam orother gas-under pressure through the-interior ofy t e rotary member.

.As thus illustrated, my improved turbine comprises a cylinder or casingA, supported in any suitable manner and rovide on opposite sides withthe shaftearings a and the exhaust-chambers c'. t will be seen that theexhaust-pi es az commpnicate with said exhaust-cham ers. The rotarymemsection,K of one of saideX- Figsy and 7 'are erspectives ofthe twohalves or sections, o the rober B is keyed to'a shaft b. This shaft, it

will be seen, rotates in the saidz'bearings a).

-A's shown, the said rotary. member comprises b2. A These two halves orsections' are ranged side by side upon the said shaft and by means ofbolts b3. It will be observed that the hub portion of section b2 isprovidedv with a boss b4, adapted to iit into a recess b5, with whichthe hub of the other section is provided. Also it will be l observed.that section b comprises an outer disk orside wall b, provided at itsouter edge with an annular band or ange 117. 'In a similar wa .thesection b2 comprises an outer latwa l b5., ro'- videdatits edge with anannular ban Vor flange b9. A When the twosections are assembled toether, an annular slot blo is left be` tween te edges of the flanges 197and b. At their central portionsV each of said disks is provided withexhaust-openings l, arranged,

75 are secured together preferably, in a circle concentric with theAshaft. ln addition the section b is rovided interiorly withobliquely-arranged b ades bu. The section b2 is provided with similarblades 12 blades are arranged tangentially relatively to the two partsor sections of the. hub b of the rotary member. (See Fig.' 1.) It willbe seen that the faces of the said blades are con-` cave,..while theirbacks are convex, and it will also be seen 'that the faces" of all oftheblades of the section b extend obliquely across the circular ath oftravel, while theV faces of all of the b ades of thesection4 b2 aresimilarly mounted and arranged on an oprposite angle. InV this way itwill be seen that the blades ofthe two sections-that is' fto sa the twosets of blades---havefor war y-converging faces.

In each case it will be seen that the said roo .oblique direction toPreferablyeach blade extends forwardlyJ thereby providing relativelynarrow passages between the edges of the blades on one section and thefacesof the blades on the other section, and vice versa. It will be seenthat each passage 2 is so positioned that the steam or other gashi'mayescapetherefrom in jet form and impinge directly upon the face of theblade immediately preceding the onewhich is allotted .to the samesection and which, to gether with the opposing face of the blade of theother section, forms the said opening. Thus, whenl the steam enters themain inletport C, it first impinges at about the point where two bladesof opposite sections converge, and then passes through the opening 2 atthe apex or point at which the faces of the two blades converge. Then itpasses in an s the next space or compartment and impinges upon the bladeimmediately in advance of the one around the edge of which it has justpassed. From this point it then escapes through the next opening orspace 2, but in an opposite direction, and then impinoes directly uponthe 'face of the blade immediately preceding the onebetween the face ofwhich and the edge of the other one -it first passed after entering theinterior of\ the engine-casing. It is evident, therefore, that the steamor other gas under pressure after entering the engine casing through theport or jet opening Gand after impinging upon the faces of the blades'im,-

mediately obstructing said port-opening then shoots forward and passesthe blades initially receiving the force of the steam-j et. Having donethis, the steam or other gas under pressure passes on .for somedistance, back and forth orin zigzag fashion, as shown in Fig. l0, itbeing understood, of course, that this is possible by reason of the highVelocity of the steam or other gas under pressure. In other. words, thesteam or other as when it enters the en'- gine-casing is trave ing atsucha high velocity that it not only impinges. with considerable forceuponsthe blades nearest at hand, but also and notwithstandn the highspeed of the turbine then passes these blades and also passes severalothers in advance of the blade initially receiving the 'force of thejet. In this way the steam or other gas under pressure is givenconsiderable opportunity to expand after striking the blade initiallyre'- ceiving the force of the jet, and thus acts successively uponseveral of the blades, the pro gressive action of the steam in this waybeing in the same direction that the blades are traveling sectioninterlock, so to the blades it will be seen that trols the passage ofsteam or other gas to the\7o reversing-porti?, through which theentering steam orlother gas may act upon the backs of the blades.Whether the turbine is running ahead or backward, the steam flows orgravitates, so to speak, toward the center or axis of rotation andfinally through the openings 1 into the exhaust-chambers a. at each sideof the casing. While the steam is acting upon the said exhaust-openingsare covered for one-half of 4the rotation of the rotary member of theturbine by means of the arc-shaped portions G. These portions are rigidwith the engine-cas ing and bear against the outer surfaces of the disksb bs. Consequently as soon as each exhaust-opening reaches the end ofthe ad jacent arc-shaped portion G the steam is then free to escape intothe chamber a', it being understood that this is the character ofconstruction at each sideI of the turbine. As a* matter of constructionthe outer corners of` the blades can be provided with notches H, adaptedto engage the edges or perimeters of the flanges 67 and t. In this waythe two halvesvor sections of the rotary member of the turbine areadapted to fit together and revolve as a solid or unitary body.

I/Vith the foregoing construction it is obvious that my improved turbineis of simple yet highly efiicient character, that the veloclty or impactofthe steam or other gas under pressure is utilized in the well-knownmanner by means of blades secured to a rotary shaft, and that inaddition the expansive force of steam or other gas under-pressure afterit has acted upon thel blades initially receiving the force of the jetis free to ex-I pand in such a manner as to contribute materially to thepressure upon the turbineblades;

What I claim as my invention is IIO 1. A turbine comprisin a rotary hub,op-A positely-arranged end wal s provided at their vouter edges withflanges having their edges 'separate for the pur ose of providing anannular slot, tangentia ly-arranged blades secured to said hub andarranged between said end walls, said blades being arranged in two sets,each set being associated with one of said end walls and extendingoutwardly therefrom to suchen extent aste overlap the outer edges of theblades of the other set, whereby a zigzag passavo is provided betweenthe two sets of bladbes, said passage extending around the hub to whichthe blades are secured, and an opening adapted to deliver a jet of steamor other gas under pressure against the faces of said blades, said zigzapassage, ermitting the said steam or ot er gas un er pressure to travelahead of ISO the blade initially receiving the force of the jet and actupon one or more blades imme-A diately in advance thereof.

2. A turbine rovided with a hollow rotary member avinginternally-arranged blades, said hollow member being provided at eachside, near its center, with circular rows of exhaust-openings, togetherwith a casing inclosing said rotary member, said casing being providedwith portionsl adapted to cover said exhaust-openin s for a portion oftheir circular path of trave and also with exhaust-chambers into whichthe steam or other gas is admitted as soon as each exhaustopening isopened or uncovered.

3. A turbine rovided with a hollow r0- tarymember, sald rotary memberhaving internally-arranged blades, said blades being set both obliquelyto the circular line vof travel and tangentially to the central portionof said rotary member, and the said blades being also arranged in twosets, with the members ofthe two sets slanting or convergingvforwardrelatively to their circular path of travel',l and means for deliveringa jet of steam or other gas under pressure against the fac-es of saidblades.

- '4. A turbine comprisin a rotary hub, op-

positely-arranged end wal s provided at their outer ed es with liangeshaving their edges separate for the purpose of providing'an annularslot, blades secured to said hub and a1 ranged between said end walls,'said blades being arranged in two sets, each set being associated withone of said end walls and extending outwardly therefrom to such anextent as to overlap the outer edges of the blades of the other set,whereb a passa e is provided between the sets of b ades, an an openingadapted to deliver steam or gas under pressure to the ends ofthe blades.

5. A turbine rovided with a hollow rotary member liavinginternally-'arranged blades, said hollow member being provided at eachside with circular rows of exhaustopenings, an outer casin said casingbeing provided with portions a apted to cover said exhaust-openings fora ortion of their circular path of travel, an also with exhaustchambersinto `which the steam or other gas is admitted as soon as eachexhaust-opening is opened.

6. A turbine. provided with a hollow rotary member, said rotary memberhaving two sets of internally-arranged blades, said blades being setboth obliquely to the 'circular line of travel and tangentially to thecentral portion of said rotary member, and means for delivering'a jet ofsteam or other gas under pressure against the faces of said blades.

Signed by me at Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, thisSOth day ofNovember, 1904.'

ERIC BLUCKER.

